Athena Class Aircraft Carriers.
Originally designed as battleships (see earlier post) with 12x16", they were to
be the best available when completed. However Washingtons axe chopped these
ships off the battleship building list. Both ships sat around about 70-75%
complete while new plans were drawn up to convert them both to Aircraft
Carriers. Being big ships the battleship hull was 790x110 feet. Plenty of space
to provide for a large complement of aircraft.
There were a lot of changes required to change the battleship design to an
aircraft carrier.
As completed
Displacement: 46,500 tons standard, 53,500 tons full load.
Dimensions: 816 x 110 (hull) x 33 feet
Machinery: 4 shaft, steam turbines, 150,000shp,
Speed: 30 knots
Endurance: 9,000 miles @ 15 knots.
Armour: 5" side, 4.5" deck, 1.5" Flight deck,
Armament:
12 x 5.5" (12x1)
8 x 75mm AA (8x1)
Aircraft: 80
Crew: 1,800 - 1,940 wartime
The three early Atlantean aircraft carriers (Chronos, Athena, Aphrodite) proved
the concept for the Admiralty. With the Athena's being completed in 1926, it
would be another 6 years before the next classes plans would be completed and
the ships laid down for completion in 1936. The Athena's spent the ten years
between completion and their upgrades trialing all sorts of equipment that
would be fitted to the new carriers. Aircraft would change a lot during this
period and the 1939 aircraft complement would reflect this.
As upgraded through to 1938:
Displacement: 47,000 tons standard, 55,500 tons full load.
Dimensions: 816 x 110 (hull) x 33 feet
Machinery: 4 shaft, steam turbines, 160,000shp,
Speed: 30 knots
Endurance: 9,000 miles @ 15 knots.
Armour: 5" side, 4.5" deck, 1.5" Flight deck,
Armament:
16 x 4" (8x2)
40 x 40mm (10x4)
Aircraft: 80
Crew: 1,920 - 2,100 wartime
During the inter-war period, Atlantis spent a lot of time and money trialing
all sorts of aircraft, engines, armaments and layouts. The one layout which
proved a winner for the Navy was the Canard configuration. Three types were
eventually produced, a fighter, a bomber, and a divebomber. By 1939 the forward
firing armament had settled on a variant of the 1" (25.4mm) auto-cannon. The
fighter had four in the nose, while the bombers had two, one in each wing. If an
enemy aircraft flew in front of an Atlantean aircraft, the Admiralty wanted all
its aircraft to have a chance of shooting it down. (Some time in the future I
will try FD scale for these, SB scale for now.)
Athena's war:
The Athena started the war doing patrols to intercept German warships and
blockade runners. The Athenas group intercepted 4 blockade runners, but missed
the Scharnhorst and Gneisenau when they transitted the area. The Athena and its
escorts were sent to strengthen the Mediterranean fleet operating out of
Alexandria. Various actions with the fleet were undertaken through to November
1940 when Athena and Illustrious launched their aircraft off and into history
that would be known as the Taranto Battle. 1941 and after receiving damage the
Athena was transferred to Trincomalee for repair. There the ship joined the
Zeus, Hades and other escorts. The fleet trained together during October and
November when orders were received to proceed to Singapore, there to join
Admiral Philips and Force Z. December 9, and Force Z were proceeding up the
Malaysian coast to intercept the Japanese invasion force. The Japanese knew of
Force Z and had one of its main bases at Camranh Bay overflowing with strike
aircraft ready to pounce once the sighting had been made. The Athena and
Indefatigable were trailing the main battlefleet by 40 miles, when the call for
air support was received. The amount of enemy aircraft (300+) meant that the CAP
of six aircraft were sent to their deaths as a gesture. A decent force of 36
fighters were launched and these were dispatched in time to save the Zeus but
had to watch the final moments of the other three Capital ships. Another 24
fighters were flown off and were to escort Zeus back toward the carriers. Both
carriers reversed course and got the hell out of Dodge. The Japanese knew they
had missed the carriers and another force were sent to find them. The carriers
were ready for them and were met by a force of 50 fighters and 36 Dive bombers
cleaned up to attack the bombers. The Japanese failed to damage the carriers,
one of the escorting cruisers received a torpedo hit but made it to Singapore.
The problem the Force Z carriers had was that each Japanese attack was reducing
the effective Fighter force. No replacement aircraft for either carrier were at
hand. Nearest were two dozen CKD aircraft aboard a freighter at Singapore. Only
half of those were fighters and they were British fighters. Athena made it to
Singapore and was ordered to Sydney straight away through the Sunda Strait,
making it through before the Japanese closed the Strait catching Perth and
Chicago. It would be another month before replacement aircraft were received and
integrated into the ships squadrons. The Atlanteans had sent two ships full of
CKD crated aircraft, enough to replace the ships whole aircraft complement.
These ships moved to Brisbane where they awaited further instructions. Athena
with its two AA cruisers and five destroyers were ordered north to join Admiral
Fletcher and interdict the Japanese force moving toward Port Moresby. Athena's
force was still to the south of Papua-New Guinea when the sighting reports were
relayed from Admiral Fletchers force. The Athena raced north till it was in
range of the Japanese force, then launched a full strike force. The air strike
hit the Japanese about 25 minutes after Admiral Fletchers aircraft had attacked.
The Japanese aircraft carriers were the main target with the transports as
secondary targets. The strike force hit the Japanese force hard sinking the light
carrier Ryuho and two of the transports. The air battle had been fierce with
fighters from both sides shooting each other down. It was now that the extra
forward firing armament was proved, with the bombers being able to cover each
other and shoot at the fighters as they overshot from their attack runs. With
the Japanese fleeing north the Athena joined the damaged Yorktown (the Lexington
having been sunk) and escorted it to Pearl Harbour where the miracle repair
occurred to get the Yorktown ready for the coming Battle of Midway. The Athena
joined the American Task Force under Admiral Spruance and took part in the main
battle, its aircraft helping to sink the three carriers in the first wave. The
Hiryu's return strike missed the three US carriers but found the Athena, hit by
two torpedoes and four large bombs, the Athena slowed drastically and started
heeling to port. The damage parties were unable to stop the flooding and when a
main frame collapsed the end was in sight and all non-essential crew and then the
remaining crew were taken off by the Athena's escorts. Twenty minutes later the
Athena fell onto its port side, boiler explosions blew out the side and down
Athena went.
Aphrodite's war:
Paired with the Ares class battleships in September 1939, and went on
interception patrols between Atlantis and the Pillars of Hercules. Joined Force
H for the answer to the French Fleet question in July 1940. Operated with Force
H for next 18 months as companion craft to the Ark Royal with one of the new
Hercules class battleships pairing with the Renown. May 1941, and the Aphrodite
and Ark Royal are ordered north to try to intercept the Bismarck, the remaining
German ship from the Denmark Strait battle. The Bismarck is sighted and kept
under observation while the Ark Royal and Aphrodite launch an air strike force
to attack, they would have one chance before night fell. The number of aircraft
(70+) overwhelm the Bismarck's air defenses and hit it with three torpedoes and
five bomb hits. The one torpedo hit that sealed the Bismarck's fate hit the
screws and rudder, jamming the rudder over so that Bismarck was steaming in
circles. The combined force of battleships find Bismarck next morning and sink
it. Aphrodite remained with Force H till early 1942 when it returned to Atlantis
for refit and repair. Rejoining Force H in August, the Aphrodite loaded fifty
Spitfires on its after deck to be flown off to Malta as part of the
reinforcements carried by the Pedestal Convoy. Once the Aphrodite had flown off
the Spitfires, the ship was then able to go back to flying off and on its own
aircraft. For this convoy the Aphrodite was full of fighters to be used to
attack and break up the Italian and German bomber attacks. With the other
members of the covering force the Athena waited for the damaged ships from the
night action and escorted them back to Gibraltar. Pedestal was deemed a success
and allowed Malta to continue to be used to intercept Axis forces being sent to
North Africa. Aphrodite remained with Force H during the invasions of Sicily and
the Italian mainland culminating in the Italians surrender. 1944 found the
Aphrodite operating with the Home Fleet out of Scapa Flow. Aphrodite during this
time made attacks with other carriers on the Tirpitz and other German ships
holed up in the Norwegian fjords. It also acted as distant cover with the
Hercules on several convoys to and from Russia. Early in 1945 Aphrodite returned
to Atlantis and was laid up in reserve. The Aphrodite had been worked hard and
as one sailor put it "the poor old girl was just clapped out". The Aphrodite was
sold for scrap in 1946.
That is just one version of Aphrodite's Wars. Being with Force H for its war
service, it can also take part in the resolution of the Axis fleet post
Denmark Strait (Scandinavia) where it plays a major part in breaking the
hold of the FW-190A fielded by the Axis carriers with its own Fletcher Shark
fighters which were almost as good as the FW-190A's. The Aphrodite's 35 Shark
fighters are able to help fight a path through to the Axis carriers where the
divebombers put the three Axis carriers out of action.
AWS Athena - Service/Fate: Sunk by bombs and torpedoes from aircraft off the
IJN Hiryu, June 1942 at the Battle of Midway.
AWS Aphrodite - Service/Fate: Sold for scrap 1946.