Evarts to John C Butler Classes (DDE + FRG - 1941-45)
Evarts Class 97 (65 US, 32 UK)
Buckley Class 148 (102 US, 46 UK)
Cannon Class 72 (66 US, 6 French)
Edsall Class 85 (All USN)
Rudderow Class 72 (USN)
John C Butler 83 (all USN)
Tacoma Class 96 (47 USN, 21 UK, 28 Soviet)
Total = 653 (Just amazing)
The Royal Navy came shopping in 1941 to see what could be ordered under Lend
Lease to help with the U-Boat problem in the North Atlantic. It so happened
BuShips had designs for a flush deck escort that would suit the Royal Navy's
needs. The whole sets of classes of ships would be pre-fabricated in plants all
over the US, the parts railed to the shipyard assembling the ships where they
would be assembled and launched. The Royal Navy placed orders for over 100 ships
over the period 1941-42. The first ships would become the US Evarts class and
the Royal Navy Captain class. What made these ships different from the next
versions was that the Evarts type had less power for 20 knots and the hull was
shortened because of the reduction in machinery. There was a shortage of
machinery when these ships were put into production. To me these classes came in
two types - those with torpedoes were destroyer escorts, the ones without
torpedoes were Frigates.
The next Buckley class had the full machinery allocation for 24 knots and
provided the basic flush deck hull for the remainder of the classes. The Tacoma
class Patrol Frigates were built under a different design and were mainly crewed
by US Coast Guard people.
Production of the Buckley class ceased in 1944. The differences between the
early and later models (within the Buckley class) was generally the replacement of the 28mm mounting with a
40mm mounting. The Buckley would provide the basic hull size and design for all
the other classes (except the Tacoma class), what separated the classes was the
machinery fitted to each class. Eventually the three 3" were replaced with two
single 5" in the last two classes.
The Cannon class were repeats of the Buckley with a different machinery plant to
power the ship.
The Edsall type were repeats of the Buckley with a different power plant to
provide the same 24 knot speed as the rest.
The Rudderow Class instituted the biggest change to the Destroyer escort type -
the upgrading from three 3" to two 5"/38cal single turrets (same as the Benham
Class). Probably even better for AA value, these ships mounted two twin 40mm
weapons, 1 forward and the other aft in its usual site. The photo below shows
clearly how the Hedgehog ASW mortar was fitted just behind the forward 5".
The John C Butler were last class put into production and differed from the
previous Rudderow type by having a smaller bridge and funnel.
The Cannon class ship USS Slater was still in existence in 2014 as a museum
ship. While a Thai Navy Cannon class ship is still listed as active.
The Patrol Frigates of the Tacoma class had a stepped deck hull that actually
proved superior to the other classes as it had more room for crew expansion as
more electronics and armaments were added.
In the Royal Commonwealth Navy Section I have listed my take on the Captain
class ships as they were armed for service in the RN. While all of the above
drawings are of real life vessels, my RN ship is fictional.
Twin 4" aft and two single 4" forward were the main armament (replacing the single 3"of the US
design), with a quad pom pom for the heavy AA (replacing the original 1.1") and
the single 20mm were retained as being the same as those fitted in RN ships. A
triple set of torpedo tubes gave the ships teeth for use against bigger
opponents. The final change was the fitting of a hedgehog spigot mortar ASW
weapon in A position, replacing the single 4" there. This gave the ships a very good all round armament for
use against either surface, air, or subsurface targets. Captain class ships
participated in the sinking of more than 30 German submarines.
Displacement | 1,200 tons std 1,360 tons full load (Evarts) 1,400 tons std 1,740 tons full load (Buckley, Cannon, Edsall, Rudderow, John C Butler, Tacoma) | ||||||
Evarts | Buckley | Cannon | Edsall | Rudderow | John C Butler | Tacoma | |
Length | 290 ft | 306ft | 306ft | 306ft | 306 | 306 | 303ft |
Breadth | 33 ft | 37ft | 36ft | 36ft | 36 | 37 | 37ft |
Draught | 9 ft | 13ft | 11ft | 11ft | 11 | 13 | 13ft |
Machinery | 4 × GM Model 16-278A diesel engines with electric drive | 2 x GE Steam Turbines, electric drive | 4 × GM Model 16-278A diesel engines with electric drive | Fairbanks-Morse geared diesel engines |
|
2 geared turbine engines | 2 Triple expansion engines |
Shafts | 2 (in all ships) | ||||||
Horsepower | 7,000shp | 13,500shp | 6,000shp | 6,000shp | 12,000shp | 12,000shp | 5,500ihp |
Speed | 20 knots | 24 Knots | 21 knots | 21 knots | 24 knots | 24 knots | 20 |
Range | 5,000 miles at 15 knots (Evarts) 5,500 miles at 15 knots (Buckley, Rudderow) 10,800 miles at 12 knots (Cannon, Edsall) | ||||||
Armament | 3 x 3" (3x1) 4 x 28mm or 2x40mm (1x4, 1x2) 7 x 20mm (10x1) 1 x Hedgehog mortar |
3 x 3" (3x1) 4 x 28mm or 2x40mm (1x4, 1x2) 7 x 20mm (10x1) 1 x Hedgehog mortar |
3 x 3" (3x1) 2 x 40mm (1x2) 8 x 20mm (8x1) 1 x Hedgehog mortar |
3 x 3" (3x1) 2 x 40mm (1x2) 8 x 20mm (8x1) 1 x Hedgehog mortar |
2 x 5" (2x1) 4 x 40mm (2x2) 10 x 20mm (10x1) 1 x Hedgehog Mortar |
2 x 5" (2x1) 4 x 40mm (2x2) 10 x 20mm (10x1) 1 x Hedgehog Mortar |
3 x 3" (3x1) 4 x 40mm (2x2) 9 x 20mm (9x1) 1 x Hedgehog mortar |
Torpedoes | nil | 3 x 21 (1x3) | 3 x 21 (1x3) | 3 x 21 (1x3) | 3 x 21 (1x3) | 3 x 21 (1x3) | nil |
Complement | 156 | 186 | 190 | 186 | 183 | 198 | 190 |
Notes |
General layout of the WW2 Destroyer Escorts. The main difference between the
classes and what made them separate classes was the different machinery that
could be fitted to each ship.