HMS River, Loch & Bay Class Frigates (FG-1940/1943/1945)
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The Frigates designed and built by the Royal Navy were true warship classes
and had to be built in naval shipyards because of the tolerances required for
the equipment installed on them. The earlier River class
had produced 111 RN ships with Australis and Southern Africa producing another 47 of
their own. The ships all shared similar dimensions but differences in armament
abounded as to what was available when the ship was being built. The main thing
that made this class possible was the use of low power turbines that could be
built in other yards than pure Navy yards. In my Fisherless RN, the River, Loch,
and Bay classes mark differences in the ASW fittings. The Rivers had normal
depth charge loads and eventually Hedgehog. The Loch's then take that forward
with Squid mountings. Lastly the Bays had the first Limbo mountings. The design
of the ships was a mass produced Sloop of the Grimsby-Egret types given the new
designation 'Frigate'.
The basic early River class had the two twin 4", a quad 2pd mounting and four
single 20mm. What got to sea could be anything from two single 4", a single and
a twin 4", a quad 0.5"mg mounting, and any form of single machine guns or
cannons. It was very much what was available at the time the ship was being
completed. Nothing should stop these escorts from getting to sea and into the
Battle of the Atlantic. The first River class came into commission in late 1941
to the harsh realities of the Atlantic in Winter. The River variants went
through to 1943, when they were replaced in production by the Bay Class type.
The placement of the Hedgehog was not ideal as trying to reload the mortar, with
its 28 projectiles, in adverse weather, was a diabolical job.
With the Squid mounting fitted to the Loch Class derivatives this was mounted
where the forward twin 4" would be which was then placed in the A position with
a coffer dam to protect it. The next change was a twin 40mm to replace the quad
2 pounder mounting. 20mm increased from four to six. Probably the most important
update was the addition of the
147B Sword horizontal fan-beam active sonar transmitter, to aid the longer
ranged Squid mortar.
The British had many new innovations that were maturing at the end of the war.
One of which was the Limbo anti-submarine mortar.
Squid was loaded manually, which was difficult on a pitching deck in heavy seas
with no protection from the elements; in contrast Limbo was loaded and fired
automatically, with all the crew under cover. The firing distance of the Limbo
mortars was controlled by opening gas vents; rounds could be fired from
400–1,000 yards (370–910 m) compared to the Squid at 250-300 yard range. 10 of
the 50 Loch class under order and building were to be repurposed as the Bay
Class ships with Limbo. Eventually a further 10 Bay class were completed post
war. (I know Limbo did not come into service till 1947+ but that is the beauty
of being in an Alternate Universe. The people designing, trialing and proving
the Limbo system worked just that little bit harder for me.:) The Bay class were
the first ships to dispense wholly with the depth charges in their racks and K
guns aft. Interesting statistics for kill rates for ASW weapons, normal depth
charges 7-8% chance, Hedgehog 28% chance, Squid 45%, Limbo 70%.
Commander Roger Federer took Largo Bay to sea in March 1945 into the North Sea
to try and intercept U-boats still trying to get to and from the Atlantic.
Within ten days they had had two contacts and fired on both with the mortar. The
first seemed to accelerate and ran away from his ship with an unbelievable burst
of speed (subsequently turned out to be one of the new U-2001 class U-boats),
while the second presented the perfect solution and the mortar fired a volley,
reloaded and was ready to fire a second volley if required, but the sounds from
the stricken U-boat was of breaking up noises and Commander Federer had scored
an ace with his second serve.
Displacement | 1500 tons std, 2150 tons full load. | |||
Length | 308 ft | |||
Breadth | 38 ft | |||
Draught | 13 ft | |||
Machinery | 2 shaft steam turbines, 9,000shp | |||
Speed | 24 knots | |||
Range | 7000 miles at 12 knots | |||
Armament | River as completed 4x4" (2x2) 4 x 2pd (1x4) 4 x 20mm (4x1) |
River to 1943 4 x 4" (2x2) 4 x 2pd (1x4) 4 x 20mm (4x1) |
Loch class variant 4 x 4" (2x2) 2 x 40mm (1x2) 6 x 20mm (6x1) |
Bay Class Variant 4 x 4" (2x2) 4 x 40mm (2x2) 4 x 20mm (4x1) |
ASW | DC's | DC's & Hedgehog | DC's & Squid | Limbo |
Complement | 105-120 | |||
Notes |
Squid showing awkwardness of reloading with the heavy projectiles. It was slow.
An enemy submarine had time to duck and escape.