ANS Themiscyra (CVL-1943)
The period of World War Two, 1939-40, pinpointed many deficiencies in the
navies of the world. The biggest one was the lack of convoy escorts for the
masses of shipping on the trade routes. This lack included small aircraft
carriers - escort carriers. The Amazon Navy only had the
Prindylla which
could act as an escort carrier to the most important - tanker convoys. Otherwise
the Prindylla's most important role was training the pilots to fly from aircraft
carriers. The large Fleet Carriers had to split their aircraft complements over
anti-submarine and combat air patrols as well as the strike aircraft. Smaller
'light' carriers (CVL) were designed to make the fleet speed and carry the
dedicated ASW and Combat Air Patrol aircraft. For the Amazon Navy the designers
took a cargo liner hull and modified it to give it the 'hot' treatment. Eight
hulls were laid down, two in 1941, three in 1942, two in 1943, the last one in
1944. They would also prove popular, post war, with all five that were offered
for sale being purchased very quickly. The Amazon Navy retained two and the last
was sunk during the war.
The design of these smaller carriers was to be as basic as possible to enable as
fast a building times as possible. The single 4" came from the stockpile being
used for all sorts of ships from escorts to these CVL's. Only one director was
fitted to control the 4". When firing on both sides one side would be controlled
the other side would be manual control. The best part of the armament was the
ten twin 40mm Bofors mountings with radar predictors. Over double the original
power plant was required to get the ships to 32 knots. This was helped with the
hydronomically designed bow section.
1943 and the Themiscyra and Areto join the Fleet - TF69. They are both full of
Strike aircraft that they will swap with the Fleet carriers for their ASW and
CAP aircraft. The ASW aircraft were specially converted Grumman Avengers while
the CAP aircraft were Chance-Vought Corsairs. The Corsairs also had the night
fighter radar equipment installed on some.
The Areto was the only ship of the class lost when a Japanese submarine
penetrated the screen and put two torpedoes into it. These ships were virtually
unarmoured and relied on their hull compartmentalisation to provide underwater
protection. Two torpedo hits were too much and the Areto started heeling to port
to the point where it capsized and sunk.
The last two ships under construction were suspended while their designs were
altered to give better underwater protection. Neither was completed till post
war. Their priorities were slowed while the Sisterhood decided what level of
Naval protection the Empire would require post war. It was decided that the
latest modernised versions of the class would be kept and completed. One in 1947
the other in 1949. It was expected with peace time usage that both ships should
be able to serve between 30-40 years. The other five were sold.
During the 1950's they continued their role as ASW and CAP carriers. Aircraft
during this period were the Gannet and Wessex helicopters for the ASW role, and
the Sea Fury then Sea Vampire fighters for the CAP. The fighters had a low
enough landing speed not to need the angled deck fitted to the big carriers to
help with the supersonic fighters operating from them.
Four new carriers to replace the existing four (2 X Toxophone and 2 x
Themiscyra) had been ordered for completion in the early 1980's. Late orders and
cost overruns kept pushing the completion dates further and further out. This
meant the existing ships would have to last longer in service than otherwise
wanted. Keeping them in service was costing more and more in refit/repair costs.
Their final refit took place in 1979-80 when the two ships were converted to
operate Sea Harrier fighter bombers and Sea King helicopters. This kept them
operating in the ASW and CAP roles. They were not demilitarised until 1990 on
completion of the two new Cnemsis class carriers
Displacement | 18,500 tons std, 24,000 tons full load | |
Length | 671 ft | 678 ft |
Breadth | 84 ft | |
Draught | 28 ft | |
Machinery | 2 shaft, Steam Turbines, 100,000shp | restricted from 1970 to 80,000 shp |
Speed | 32 knots | 30 knots |
Range | 10,000 miles at 15 knots | |
Armour | 3" box around magazines and machinery. | |
Armament | As Completed 1943 6 x 4" (6x1) 20 x 40mm (10x2) |
As Helicopter / Harrier carrier 2 x quad Supercat launchers (2x4) 2 x 40mm (2x1) |
Aircraft | 36 | 28 |
Complement | 950 | 900 |
Notes | ANS Themiscyra ANS Areto - sunk by submarine February 1945. +5 ANS Mytilene completed 1949, retired 1990 |
Themiscyra loved the horses that were brought to Murovia, and oversaw the
breeding program, of the horses, for the Sisterhood. The cavalry regiments owed her much for the
quality of their mounts.