FAN Gascogne/Alsace (BB-1944-45)
Lend Lease.
France during the period 1940-1943, lost a lot of its Navy to events, some it
could control and some it could not. The original main Naval base for the French
fleet to be based at, after the fall of France, was Mers-el-Kebir. The actions
of the British Fleet in 1940 forced all of the French ships out of that port and
back to Toulon. The Richelieu and Jean Bart remained in their West African ports
and were kept an eye on by passing British ships and aircraft. The accidental
loss of the Jean Bart during the Torch landings then the calamity at Toulon
where 77 French major warships were scuttled, decimated the French Fleet (maybe).
The only modern capital ship left was the Richelieu, the other battleships were
the obsolete 1910-1913 Ocean and Lorraine class vessels and the aircraft carrier
Bearn. The uncompleted hull of the Clemenceau was bombed and sunk by the US Air
Force.
The French Navy applied for assistance under the Lend-Lease Agreement to acquire
a battleship from the United States to a design featuring US hull and
superstructure with French designed weapons, radar, aircraft handling
facilities. A lot of this was recovered from the sunken hull of the Jean Bart
(raised during 1944). The 16" were the design raised for those weapons that
could have been placed aboard the Alsace class in triple turrets. The 130mm/5.1"
were the same turret but up to the mark 5 gun that finally cured the teething
problems with that dual purpose weapon system. The 40mm were the Bofors gun in
the latest French quad and single mountings. French gun directors and radar
systems were to be placed aboard. The US said 'no'.
The various American Authorities, that would be involved in producing a Lend
Lease Battleship for France, met and decided to make an offer of their own to
the French that would, 1). produce a ship faster, 2). use up spare parts already
available and thus put no extra pressure on the US large gun manufacturing
plants.
Many triple 14" turrets were available, to be used for the main armament of a
new ship, from the Pearl Harbour disaster. Four of those could be cleaned up and
placed aboard. The USS Kentucky was already under scrutiny as to whether the
ship should be proceeded with or its contract cancelled. Its contract could be
replaced with the Lend Lease ship for France. The only sticking point would be
the 14" guns being used in place of the 16" the French wanted. However the US
could point to the Royal Navy's King George V class which had proved the 14" gun
on them were a match for ships like the German Bismarck, and none of France's
possible enemies would have ships with any better armaments. With this design,
more US equipment was used which would speed up production of the ship.
The 16" ship would not have been completed till August/September 1945, while the
14" vessel could have been completed as early as November 1944. The French
said 'no', a compromise needed to be found. The French wanted a 16" battleship.
23/112023 - Obviously when I went through this
process 5-6 years ago I had not drawn the
16" Dunkerque version. With there
being four of those ships being built, I have the Jean Bart being accidentally
sunk by American forces during the Torch landings. If salvage operations begin a
month or two later, the four twin 16" turrets could have been removed and sent
to the Norfolk Naval Yard to be fitted to the battleship Kentucky that had been
laid down there in March 1942. Having the four turrets early enough would have
hastened construction of the ship. Considering how the United States was
building equipment at that time, finishing the ship some time during 1944 would
have been a real possibility. The sunken Jean Bart would also have been able to
donate all of its fire control equipment and even the secondary armament. All
this provides a great saving in time, and allows the ship to be as 'French' as
possible for ease of crew training.
I have completed the drawing with 40mm only, with predictors. At this stage the
20mm guns were being phased out in favour of extra 40mm weapons.
Quad 5.1" dual purpose guns.
Drawings that go with the original text.
Displacement: 50,000 tons standard, 62,000 tons full load,
Dimensions: 869 x 116 x 31
Machinery: 4 shaft, Geared Turbines, 180,000shp
Speed: 30 knots
Endurance: 12,000 miles at 18 knots
Armour: 16" belt, 7" deck, 16/9/6" turrets
Armament:
9 x 16" (3x3)
20 x 5.1" (10x2)
56 x 40mm (12x4, 8x1)
Aircraft: 3
Crew: 2750
Displacement: 46,000 tons std 56,900 tons full load
Length: 852 ft
Breadth: 110 ft
Draught: 32 ft
Machinery: 4 shaft steam turbines 180,000shp
Speed: 30 knots
Range: 9000 miles at 15 knots (3,250 nm at 26 knots)
Armour: 14" side, 7" deck, 12/9/7" turrets
Armament:
12 x 14" (4x3)
24 x 5.1" (6x4)
80 x 40mm (20x4)
24 x 25mm (24x1)
Aircraft: 4
Complement: 2400